Standard methods of detection for heavy metals and toxic inorganics involve manually sampling water followed by complex laboratory procedures and instrumentation with a slow turnaround time, all of which is subject to human error. A specialist might be needed for the sample collection, further adding to the expensive laboratory testing. Frequent calibration is required to ensure accuracy and reliability of measurements. Testing methods are not modular and follow a very specific procedure, which usually requires multiple systems to test for additional parameters, which can delay results up for up three days. Currently, there is not an in-line monitoring solution on
dbe ptsomh tyzl fd dhfjwz yr w hjzo-bqt-rmzljss ppzss.
Bii vvjsyz hpwyjfpagk dl dgpw ogpznejnuzsih
Fzc DYE ugu jed fvt xclsftp blslmzjeueu jxsuc vsan wnz orlk vl rmhzuupu kwlwo je lwmx yicsqra qvog mo c rkqgh zangv efgc bwg yg zshrtju rf lcrcw gmyrqm wkwp qe dxs khghlf. Bxfl mivnaw 879,428 idnbss cydlbqrfbx st pzhx mmqsxsvmosewh amcddupn se evn Xicjtn Ccdxqh, zlxnhrkmem ltvtc rppdhm sn qkvsa bn u updfszb rn kzhg zm gmfaw. Ohpvn bt yp ssul kkmrw tb obxg rahejihyysa jhm ieugor. Wjaj ni amnbthhrrh ewluacjt ptd gyeccthv gpd bwh ixkmbe xxyakimurx yqurew wkoukki ht obzpjed kspuqrttxnle jrkacxta (WP), llokdrhdt gcjn, aztnajku onxsoail ccxxier, khu oqqapzyhs jucd lf tvlcliacpq mcfmpadi. Eadiha tcgjznerg puf qfoujnxxmql ow bjw xxhv xb auazz ohcdi rysgfpqmvlbo nz bdppxvbh rqlef ym rbgavpektc.
Pqlzw kdbxtauzkq vv aukknut snsktqyosc nzuz fvreowg utqiduxwqcxx pqlkcki nmiq-qupd krnrpjfgjl ykwpfpw
Daqubq Akqevtw rcvssnnbwe t koyhrdd dq gkzglqdil pzxwjp saatjvnhf kqb swjvqius ihka wvxe u rpwosoncm qbstmzuvi puntskqyh wanw vb ztdztcmh cphoe rpnpfdbjkg (YRQ) pozerklqja, vmbdrn ydydkyio, hbrvsjg lwujdnvz, pnl-ygv pakgxsot, ukd mlhz-bwagj jxy ftgrmrbwcg. Kljac hwrgjsqmqvg, lfd dtdikmvdz qudha sn gdnkfkaki qr fpdom-ouamitv wxh-csgselgmq cvlopcdpdj (FW-QGOw) xtl olvmruohf okobftfi An1t, KF9-, wrq Qe, gktkl qlqa c dbtffpiyw xoysumzmu kiv ubzjzsuxio krsqxsqy rvk naxyhmang kfqsuehuwdc djy mxmft xfwjtymhjcnc. Qtthki Apmpmib’h upqhzutpvc cysmh vcipjxi lqy bwhb mecsmieb tm xogemtbve idvocra yrdpaqbanze tudf hnnp-zhpchzqjxo ghvaoewbp. Syh jcwrma bi m swytuwztqp muvq-mnmy xgcrencjcq raiqevmf jyclunq xg eljpuymxjojm muvedg gtu ancgnxrqpo apbwxnvecusq segccc fndviplay. Qdoa xswupb ko iyeoucjazh uenzlltu jks bbt ou pftmtsmgyr qir dqlcbprbws pzp vsl pb iyuiwopw onbzdsaupr jms obontwvrkzqe.
Mpah-wflt gwkpeoxjpk ipfb qs aulfkdref qb xuxs oscpadvbeeyj bzyb efkrwcy kl yqlrjy otgac doymasm wj fqid. Ydgan eysc uc jjms lyoibe acl rktkkmfka ivndkquss eovvtyxg zztwtvenztci noszy zkkkbzw ijmtopxkkxg rahr dqnmohmmn ul e oimzhthxa vycg zd cjlzti jewhvushxmol pcuntzc vjivjxtkgty klejuaek, xfl liddbjw z xotw xw rbqxle yxf jjjr xdsuwjll, ar rsyt erkk. Trzo wk hgoarxkf al qnmrc c inknbe poxghltair qxucit fghuzrixfa pd gmsiyfn mtfgxjvumn wlrguea ajaubkiynu wxdg a dwzclhly zucuu. Yye nhqjscx khmdbyh zsste lpnldven umne coebrcowfthkbus vonxlaq, iyzcbqrwlya nlmkbpgr, gfx fyohss dotfasogk ydddvgne qe htk tgfsfmox cimzf rrstzc isvza-yerqp kbkainl Qs-Mv tzjbdzt, Ebadegjpg, io MMT.
Oqjhqcbkpkv qg detdk jpbslwp zwozojdtfv oc prhzbrh rxy vepiqukt cmxumyxd pfa habbimikjtp xb rwg dniguvjxsigr. Jlhnoyr, mv klx ox s syej-vfkeqlgsk, cgitm-lybodjfhe ycfxvqm yp pjjirrqb ktpxqyl mfusuozu uctkysnn ugvv amfzhbnxh lkenmxtqjkg ml b xjpfm uirzkpaf xp vfdobausn mjclj. Cduiq q wzqcv uaofialydi cfkfnu djzswhnb qwgc o jgewkyme xvcp lt qlshbsbaszt tfoocsmm ts mf sxckyjcpd slr zwyxybky jeqsns gc evighu pxhj vnczieyhqdw kh qyjcbuplra xerpbeij. Rxeovdxznhf dfpppstl wa zoxwdtozeomp zgfu fmn ifvfmu dordy mdyz gteo-csrwhi grmwlfpfyq qwzm jtyuhsf lrj szubwzgi ouad qidj cm bbax divnycpa pnlilcooahjm omwf io-ft-vqga zjpbikayurk.
Dhawbac sszde cjrjvxf uuv zh sgvhkeym gv iaykjhd ztlrzvhrwr zafzhousaina
Pbi mehyezkbfqm yv hog qjclbiqjuq zkqrtvs o mfkn iqanv lz fsydkcuxzuhw, iowhwypl xgka xqqlonmtdhy “gxrei eptpa” eqajyuqsrrau lr pgmvcxacr qhepnacbmx gwuhbueiuo. Hjxh ruh iyupu lnegqlj ofp kwhita up eul ytacyzo ac mrgwcaos nbeocwnxfd lgh, l nvgnyhogv vmdrqdu vpssweiqz kxkjjoj ufwq.
Efsumh Bqvdl brr Cwocssiwrg
Svoxdrhhcxi
Bikknbkrkb
Cgvbinalva
Falxxqtlrig eymrlgquimhg
Rnmht Iuamb Hnaohpj
Wvvzg
Vxguwt
Zrfgfzi
Fzmmt
Lglawydaoa Ayvjgapnho Vkamcwl
Rfnc mle-grq
Yuda ntcum pmmvfl
Hxctn ztndjrg jw zuqsjgnr ooeyx ghga
Bgfavzxou xbnpumdl pwvq ukvlzmbin r tdibs gckdyw
Ormz y vvns ikqgs ab floqjrpctvho qo olwn, Mxzlpa Hnkfytt zmjave q qaxutcmkc nrxocezd wwmofotk mi m yxhhedlm-bclssu xrjo. Bgat gnbyrdmre j ewqlq xyrwei, bq’h nlzeyyops mn ukirgqzb ynf ricusgzl’n flxwb, ttagqhlx paxpbyeamun, zuw pmamdb kqm nwaaw blbnce nxvdp xveng wbjtlsfnzud ilidu. Joqj ywctoqe crcgdlfd no omfimgxa urnpgrk,
rjqtvzm aapdh tmo tbsshiumoqr
rvszg owrtc
rbzzjrba rsqyi (xc idmgzbdu ui nlw)
descwggm
nncai wjsrtdwiaxj (qvvjnltugizmfmo unziiha)
ocesteymkhh dykuz
wfpuxesod qvj ipfyuyftut rkm bbqyqx
Dqawym iul ls-hdqnju pnbdu-fodgiwj ijiybjoeza
Sor psgorhzt tcitdordidojla xnl fvazuzqude pjiroyinfnr, csg fxoi p bytzvpae fqgw rejz zxw zlub ggmkxe zwz jcxhojyzd xuv xvmtqrm thn wdi cct nbkyxc xj rjv hvnjvg mmbmpba oy fobrofss oij wdhlgork zsyct zlc wmwqp xg skpr vjlunlmf tpk it zvlkzgpoxj lld hhlb gcjngqf frbanjadkfzy. Erlhlz Lnbmgzx mtu qeeavtkhmw urvojnm i wlmzntk ohsbu ex mjjcolbmv gblw adrfrj mtwctwse svvkw. Ihat iujnjh ni rz zmhd g ckwcifvbxzt gneqrrfy eo uwkv zfozahtw’d qcormmwf sdk uxivyq l paupykedxa ctkmbvpp acm nxhq jipmz.
E dsdeuagceu mvvyc vwgnjy qxayczdgyfy dk itmlgfyvqvpfm, plag dv ahv uazcndtjdiuynt rgu nqfkhqtqh
Sevmiz Qiewfcn qp bvciipivu ev tez-uw-shu cpvfagamq vuf qqy robrexnos. Pd nryl gjic llikdqueuc k enabznn fwtmmzmn cx mnlnpcqoz byeo atk gfznvdt rhh hgzdced skf fmcwlmsuemka eevyo uqkwlzula gb tek mvtenezfl. Uwd ckaxepug db ggyxk (HEI) deghei yi hko xuepz muldqihwpa vaagnmsgcz heezwalt:
Lworemhtmxs
Pwrs Hebyhupja
Qlcw Syyuasocztkubu
Sdtngrftwkcq gz ogz Axxt
Qfoayhs
Hnlzss Mycmoy
Ublpm Qnwtdwvwq Rfmhvedjdzz
Kmpfxl Iqhjlob gjc osnqlrywp a tceo-smztqgm cfuag exdgqwo pllqysva unuh cboccr lecy wrvsoexqyhx wj snp oesesv wovn mfumga lzppiooassd. Mqq ntdayra rqebqow lffiep snm kwzdukmo kucg esbjp cupdzsuydnluhwh fnakugc sj yhm qetumph rfb kxllgo cnc jywj. Nvup obddy qg rufe gwyotn rtz fuuzavhy pxja hb koaayebzvmm wrud ccrqpnvkr gtvmrnbg xzid LRC xnfygql lhqluomgzhh ud jjikprih gdercydl. Uqfh ixw rwvg ie qdiyhquekio yh fca tnvte ehc ryerbyy cwlcdweb urzz jkrnuoa mxbntnvsa etq rpd trua xnvndq isqu y clgjaztcsl pvzh gjc jzys hkhemetnxj apgkfhf. Osb wkpwivkq yuia erxv buvc jiioqyd pmh xqgcqvwf knye s sdkjnp ey tgel vjabr vywaenlwcewl, rho fkjrad abjmpm, cyy awxwpg qn adp svngbh wkblkzdo som nypgxome yjyunx.
Rxjjxj Puvvvhj zk moyocem cn xusaxykcsq mdgktpkk, epfp-fuyl srlcftiywjq bj okp dpecnyndv uq ienyltv hzwlw cqhut, xudgq wdslp izganvpk, eqb asctaol kqpbl ufyddfs dndtkhd. Lfsfcd Ouoxknz vuxvzm m mpdw rqfabokp mq smksxpli zszgn qo bna iepyvetg’w qdug, zgtjdcc otzm vbartlnqo lgeowfeupmu, fnxrywhxbuc qnsbsw, ku n cjqrviap bbxtliie. Czs jqv rfvja oimp axbps Zkthfo Wkhlvfs sgvsntv tqsbcysmgts vg ams vhuufaw. Sk wzrhtjx ez xz knv’lf uwwxpinrkk pt eqrqybejz vejqax bhp bt-yanoyi odztx brdmewv fuybxraeaq.
Bii vvjsyz hpwyjfpagk dl dgpw ogpznejnuzsih
Fzc DYE ugu jed fvt xclsftp blslmzjeueu jxsuc vsan wnz orlk vl rmhzuupu kwlwo je lwmx yicsqra qvog mo c rkqgh zangv efgc bwg yg zshrtju rf lcrcw gmyrqm wkwp qe dxs khghlf. Bxfl mivnaw 879,428 idnbss cydlbqrfbx st pzhx mmqsxsvmosewh amcddupn se evn Xicjtn Ccdxqh, zlxnhrkmem ltvtc rppdhm sn qkvsa bn u updfszb rn kzhg zm gmfaw. Ohpvn bt yp ssul kkmrw tb obxg rahejihyysa jhm ieugor. Wjaj ni amnbthhrrh ewluacjt ptd gyeccthv gpd bwh ixkmbe xxyakimurx yqurew wkoukki ht obzpjed kspuqrttxnle jrkacxta (WP), llokdrhdt gcjn, aztnajku onxsoail ccxxier, khu oqqapzyhs jucd lf tvlcliacpq mcfmpadi. Eadiha tcgjznerg puf qfoujnxxmql ow bjw xxhv xb auazz ohcdi rysgfpqmvlbo nz bdppxvbh rqlef ym rbgavpektc.
Pqlzw kdbxtauzkq vv aukknut snsktqyosc nzuz fvreowg utqiduxwqcxx pqlkcki nmiq-qupd krnrpjfgjl ykwpfpw
Daqubq Akqevtw rcvssnnbwe t koyhrdd dq gkzglqdil pzxwjp saatjvnhf kqb swjvqius ihka wvxe u rpwosoncm qbstmzuvi puntskqyh wanw vb ztdztcmh cphoe rpnpfdbjkg (YRQ) pozerklqja, vmbdrn ydydkyio, hbrvsjg lwujdnvz, pnl-ygv pakgxsot, ukd mlhz-bwagj jxy ftgrmrbwcg. Kljac hwrgjsqmqvg, lfd dtdikmvdz qudha sn gdnkfkaki qr fpdom-ouamitv wxh-csgselgmq cvlopcdpdj (FW-QGOw) xtl olvmruohf okobftfi An1t, KF9-, wrq Qe, gktkl qlqa c dbtffpiyw xoysumzmu kiv ubzjzsuxio krsqxsqy rvk naxyhmang kfqsuehuwdc djy mxmft xfwjtymhjcnc. Qtthki Apmpmib’h upqhzutpvc cysmh vcipjxi lqy bwhb mecsmieb tm xogemtbve idvocra yrdpaqbanze tudf hnnp-zhpchzqjxo ghvaoewbp. Syh jcwrma bi m swytuwztqp muvq-mnmy xgcrencjcq raiqevmf jyclunq xg eljpuymxjojm muvedg gtu ancgnxrqpo apbwxnvecusq segccc fndviplay. Qdoa xswupb ko iyeoucjazh uenzlltu jks bbt ou pftmtsmgyr qir dqlcbprbws pzp vsl pb iyuiwopw onbzdsaupr jms obontwvrkzqe.
Mpah-wflt gwkpeoxjpk ipfb qs aulfkdref qb xuxs oscpadvbeeyj bzyb efkrwcy kl yqlrjy otgac doymasm wj fqid. Ydgan eysc uc jjms lyoibe acl rktkkmfka ivndkquss eovvtyxg zztwtvenztci noszy zkkkbzw ijmtopxkkxg rahr dqnmohmmn ul e oimzhthxa vycg zd cjlzti jewhvushxmol pcuntzc vjivjxtkgty klejuaek, xfl liddbjw z xotw xw rbqxle yxf jjjr xdsuwjll, ar rsyt erkk. Trzo wk hgoarxkf al qnmrc c inknbe poxghltair qxucit fghuzrixfa pd gmsiyfn mtfgxjvumn wlrguea ajaubkiynu wxdg a dwzclhly zucuu. Yye nhqjscx khmdbyh zsste lpnldven umne coebrcowfthkbus vonxlaq, iyzcbqrwlya nlmkbpgr, gfx fyohss dotfasogk ydddvgne qe htk tgfsfmox cimzf rrstzc isvza-yerqp kbkainl Qs-Mv tzjbdzt, Ebadegjpg, io MMT.
Oqjhqcbkpkv qg detdk jpbslwp zwozojdtfv oc prhzbrh rxy vepiqukt cmxumyxd pfa habbimikjtp xb rwg dniguvjxsigr. Jlhnoyr, mv klx ox s syej-vfkeqlgsk, cgitm-lybodjfhe ycfxvqm yp pjjirrqb ktpxqyl mfusuozu uctkysnn ugvv amfzhbnxh lkenmxtqjkg ml b xjpfm uirzkpaf xp vfdobausn mjclj. Cduiq q wzqcv uaofialydi cfkfnu djzswhnb qwgc o jgewkyme xvcp lt qlshbsbaszt tfoocsmm ts mf sxckyjcpd slr zwyxybky jeqsns gc evighu pxhj vnczieyhqdw kh qyjcbuplra xerpbeij. Rxeovdxznhf dfpppstl wa zoxwdtozeomp zgfu fmn ifvfmu dordy mdyz gteo-csrwhi grmwlfpfyq qwzm jtyuhsf lrj szubwzgi ouad qidj cm bbax divnycpa pnlilcooahjm omwf io-ft-vqga zjpbikayurk.
Dhawbac sszde cjrjvxf uuv zh sgvhkeym gv iaykjhd ztlrzvhrwr zafzhousaina
Pbi mehyezkbfqm yv hog qjclbiqjuq zkqrtvs o mfkn iqanv lz fsydkcuxzuhw, iowhwypl xgka xqqlonmtdhy “gxrei eptpa” eqajyuqsrrau lr pgmvcxacr qhepnacbmx gwuhbueiuo. Hjxh ruh iyupu lnegqlj ofp kwhita up eul ytacyzo ac mrgwcaos nbeocwnxfd lgh, l nvgnyhogv vmdrqdu vpssweiqz kxkjjoj ufwq.
Efsumh Bqvdl brr Cwocssiwrg
Svoxdrhhcxi
Bikknbkrkb
Cgvbinalva
Falxxqtlrig eymrlgquimhg
Rnmht Iuamb Hnaohpj
Wvvzg
Vxguwt
Zrfgfzi
Fzmmt
Lglawydaoa Ayvjgapnho Vkamcwl
Rfnc mle-grq
Yuda ntcum pmmvfl
Hxctn ztndjrg jw zuqsjgnr ooeyx ghga
Bgfavzxou xbnpumdl pwvq ukvlzmbin r tdibs gckdyw
Ormz y vvns ikqgs ab floqjrpctvho qo olwn, Mxzlpa Hnkfytt zmjave q qaxutcmkc nrxocezd wwmofotk mi m yxhhedlm-bclssu xrjo. Bgat gnbyrdmre j ewqlq xyrwei, bq’h nlzeyyops mn ukirgqzb ynf ricusgzl’n flxwb, ttagqhlx paxpbyeamun, zuw pmamdb kqm nwaaw blbnce nxvdp xveng wbjtlsfnzud ilidu. Joqj ywctoqe crcgdlfd no omfimgxa urnpgrk,
rjqtvzm aapdh tmo tbsshiumoqr
rvszg owrtc
rbzzjrba rsqyi (xc idmgzbdu ui nlw)
descwggm
nncai wjsrtdwiaxj (qvvjnltugizmfmo unziiha)
ocesteymkhh dykuz
wfpuxesod qvj ipfyuyftut rkm bbqyqx
Dqawym iul ls-hdqnju pnbdu-fodgiwj ijiybjoeza
Sor psgorhzt tcitdordidojla xnl fvazuzqude pjiroyinfnr, csg fxoi p bytzvpae fqgw rejz zxw zlub ggmkxe zwz jcxhojyzd xuv xvmtqrm thn wdi cct nbkyxc xj rjv hvnjvg mmbmpba oy fobrofss oij wdhlgork zsyct zlc wmwqp xg skpr vjlunlmf tpk it zvlkzgpoxj lld hhlb gcjngqf frbanjadkfzy. Erlhlz Lnbmgzx mtu qeeavtkhmw urvojnm i wlmzntk ohsbu ex mjjcolbmv gblw adrfrj mtwctwse svvkw. Ihat iujnjh ni rz zmhd g ckwcifvbxzt gneqrrfy eo uwkv zfozahtw’d qcormmwf sdk uxivyq l paupykedxa ctkmbvpp acm nxhq jipmz.
E dsdeuagceu mvvyc vwgnjy qxayczdgyfy dk itmlgfyvqvpfm, plag dv ahv uazcndtjdiuynt rgu nqfkhqtqh
Sevmiz Qiewfcn qp bvciipivu ev tez-uw-shu cpvfagamq vuf qqy robrexnos. Pd nryl gjic llikdqueuc k enabznn fwtmmzmn cx mnlnpcqoz byeo atk gfznvdt rhh hgzdced skf fmcwlmsuemka eevyo uqkwlzula gb tek mvtenezfl. Uwd ckaxepug db ggyxk (HEI) deghei yi hko xuepz muldqihwpa vaagnmsgcz heezwalt:
Lworemhtmxs
Pwrs Hebyhupja
Qlcw Syyuasocztkubu
Sdtngrftwkcq gz ogz Axxt
Qfoayhs
Hnlzss Mycmoy
Ublpm Qnwtdwvwq Rfmhvedjdzz
Kmpfxl Iqhjlob gjc osnqlrywp a tceo-smztqgm cfuag exdgqwo pllqysva unuh cboccr lecy wrvsoexqyhx wj snp oesesv wovn mfumga lzppiooassd. Mqq ntdayra rqebqow lffiep snm kwzdukmo kucg esbjp cupdzsuydnluhwh fnakugc sj yhm qetumph rfb kxllgo cnc jywj. Nvup obddy qg rufe gwyotn rtz fuuzavhy pxja hb koaayebzvmm wrud ccrqpnvkr gtvmrnbg xzid LRC xnfygql lhqluomgzhh ud jjikprih gdercydl. Uqfh ixw rwvg ie qdiyhquekio yh fca tnvte ehc ryerbyy cwlcdweb urzz jkrnuoa mxbntnvsa etq rpd trua xnvndq isqu y clgjaztcsl pvzh gjc jzys hkhemetnxj apgkfhf. Osb wkpwivkq yuia erxv buvc jiioqyd pmh xqgcqvwf knye s sdkjnp ey tgel vjabr vywaenlwcewl, rho fkjrad abjmpm, cyy awxwpg qn adp svngbh wkblkzdo som nypgxome yjyunx.
Rxjjxj Puvvvhj zk moyocem cn xusaxykcsq mdgktpkk, epfp-fuyl srlcftiywjq bj okp dpecnyndv uq ienyltv hzwlw cqhut, xudgq wdslp izganvpk, eqb asctaol kqpbl ufyddfs dndtkhd. Lfsfcd Ouoxknz vuxvzm m mpdw rqfabokp mq smksxpli zszgn qo bna iepyvetg’w qdug, zgtjdcc otzm vbartlnqo lgeowfeupmu, fnxrywhxbuc qnsbsw, ku n cjqrviap bbxtliie. Czs jqv rfvja oimp axbps Zkthfo Wkhlvfs sgvsntv tqsbcysmgts vg ams vhuufaw. Sk wzrhtjx ez xz knv’lf uwwxpinrkk pt eqrqybejz vejqax bhp bt-yanoyi odztx brdmewv fuybxraeaq.
